Telescope-telemeter.



J. ZWICKY.

TELESCOPE TELEMETER.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 30, 1911.

1,26%,229. Patented. Nov 7, 1916.

JAKOIB ZWICKY, 0F LANGGASS, ST. GALL, SWITZERLAND.

TELESCOPE-TELEMETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 7, 1916.

Application filed October 30, 1911. Serial No. 657,530.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J AKOB ZWIGKY, a cltizen of the Swiss Republic, residing at Langgass, St. Gall, Switzerland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telescope-Telemeters, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to telescopes, and more particularly to telescopes arranged in pairs, each of which is provided with a single cross wire, and each telescope being fixed to a horizontal pivot, these pivots having their axis at an acute angle with rela tion to each other, and perpendicularly to a common vertical axis.

The apparatus is further provided with a rod or bar which is placed horizontally at the point observed, and at an angle to the lines of observation, equal to 90 less the said acute angle, and is furnished with a scale, whereby distance may be determined.

A form of construction of the invention is illustrated in the drawing, in which Figure 1 illustrates an elevation of the telescope instruments constructed in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof; Fig. 3 is a plan view of the rod; Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the rod; and Fig. l is a diagrammatic illustration of the way in which the apparatus is used.

Referring now more specifically to the drawings, the telemeter illustrated is arranged on the head or top plate a; of a stand, not shown, supporting a frame 79 consisting of two standards. Between these standards, two telescopes 0 and d are arranged one above the other, and so mounted that their axes of oscillation and observation stand at an acute angle to each other, and when the instrument is leveled, the point of intersec tion of the axes'of oscillation and observation of the two telescopes are situated precisely vertically one above the other, and above the middle of the head plate a. The effect of this is that when the two telescopes are oscillated, in the vertical direction, each moves in a vertical plane. Consequently ineach telescope the vertically arranged wire running through the optical axis shows an exact vertical line, that is to say, the lines of observation of the two telescopes meet exactly in the same place with a bar placed horizontally and at right angle to the line of sight of one of them.

The pivots e and f are each provided with a crank arm g, which arms are connected by a link it, whereby when one telescope is oscillated about its axis, the other telescope will be oscillated correspondingly, and the relative position of the telescopes in their vertical plane of oscillation will be maintained.

In combination with the telescopes, I employ a bar having a scale on both sides thereof, the scale having a zero mark inclicated at N.

Since the bar a is to be used horizontally, I provide at each end thereof a level in, in order that the bar 5 may be accurately positioned. The bar a is further provided with suitable markings which are viewed through the telescopes and in making an observation, the bar is positioned so that one of the zero marks of the scale indicated at N is directly in front of the instrument and lies somewhat in advance of the point of observation, and so that the bar forms a horizontal angle with the line observed.

In order that the bar may be held pre cisely at the proper angle in relation to the line of observation, the bar is provided with a detachable rod brace m that can be folded down or turned up and this brace m is provided with a sight at. Adjoining the zero mark is a mark 0. The bar is held properly if the sight 12,, the mark 0 and the center of the instrument lie in one line, which may be effected by suitable turning of the bar which can be indicated by the person using the instrument. The reference letter 20 indicates a supporting rod placed vertically at the point observed, and on which a clamp g is ar ranged, whereby the bar may be positioned behind the zero point. This clamp is properly held in its place by suitable supporting means.

The operation-of the device is as follows: The operation differs somewhat according to the length of bar used. The bar length as such depends upon the constant of the device, which in turn is determined by the angle included by the two axes of the telescopes. The instrument is set up in the manner of setting up a theodolite or a transit, so that its vertical axis is perpendicularly over one terminal point of the horizontal range to be measured. The instrument is then placed in a horizontal position by manipulation of the three base screws, spirit levels provided for this purpose perpendicularly of the vertical axis, aiding in this adjustment. The telemeter is then ready. At the other terminus of the stretch which bears the Zero-mark is attached to the vertical rod and secured thereto in any suitable manner. In the case of a short bar being used, the rod will readily support such bar in its laterally extending position. If a longer bar is used, then a second helper must support the free'end thereof. The bar is to extend horizontally, for which purpose a spirit level is provided. The bar is next brought into a position including an angle with the line to be measured, which angle must be so much smaller than a right angle, as the angle between the two telescope axes amounts to. (Fig. at.) For this purpose the holder m of the bar is raised and the bar is turned about the rod as fulcrum until the sight in the holder appears in the line extending from the instrument to the mark 0 provided near the zero mark on the bar. The observer thus observes the mark 0 directly in the sight a, when the bar has been swung into the proper position. Since the distance between mark 0 and zero mark N is equal to one-half the thickness of the pointing rod, the direction from the instrument to the mark coincides with that to the edge of the pointing rod, so that also the person holding the bar can bring-in the sight by respectively displacing the bar. If in this manner the bar is properly positioned, one of the telescopes is so adjusted that its vertical hair appears in the zero Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Iatents,

mediate its ends on each of said pivots.

2. The combination with a stand, and parallel standards thereon, of two horizontal pivots journaled in said standards one above the other and at an acute" angle to each 7 other, a telescope mounted, intermediate its ends on each of said pivots, and means for connecting the telescopes to cause them to oscillate simultaneously.

3. The combination with a stand, and.

parallel standards'thereon, of two horizontal pivots journaled'in said standards one above the other and at an acute angle to .each other, and a telescope mounted intermediate its ends on each of said pivots, a crank arm PIOJGClZlIlg from each pivot, and

a link connecting the crank arms to cause the telescopes to oscillate simultaneously. 4. An instrument of .the character described comprising a support, two telescopes mounted on the support to oscillate in vertical planes, and connections whereby they are caused to oscillate simultaneously, said connections consisting of a pin secured to oscillate with each telescope, and a link connecting said pins.

5. A measuring instrument comprising a base, standards supported by the base, independent pivot members held between the standards,'a telescope supported on each pivot and adapted to move therewith, and means connecting the pivots whereby the telescopes are moved simultaneously.-.

In testimony whereof I haveaflixed my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

JAKOB ZWVICKY; lVitnesses I EUGENE NABEL,

ALBERT PHILLIPS.

Washington, I). C. 

